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Distributed application approach using specialized, autonomous services

Core Idea: Microservices architecture is an approach to software development where applications are composed of small, independently deployable services that communicate over a network, each performing a specific business function.

Key Elements

Key Characteristics

• Services organized around business capabilities
• Independent deployment and scaling
• Decentralized data management
• Autonomous teams and development
• Smart endpoints, dumb pipes communication
• Design for failure and resilience
• Infrastructure automation

Technical Components

• Service Components: Individual, focused microservices
• API Gateway: Single entry point for clients
• Service Registry: Service discovery mechanism
• Config Server: Centralized configuration management
• Distributed Tracing: Request flow tracking across services
• Circuit Breaker: Failure isolation pattern
• Event Bus: Asynchronous messaging system
• Telemetry: Monitoring and logging infrastructure

Service Boundaries

• Defined by business domain
• Single responsibility principle
• Loose coupling between services
• High cohesion within services
• Independent data stores (one per service)
• Size considerations (not too large or small)

Communication Patterns

• Synchronous: RESTful HTTP, gRPC
• Asynchronous: Message queues, event streams, pub/sub
• Request-Response: Direct service-to-service calls
• Event-Driven: React to events in the system
• Choreography: Services react to events without central coordinator
• Orchestration: Central service coordinates workflow

Implementation Example

A simple microservice using Spring Boot (Java):

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class ProductService {

    private final ProductRepository repository;
    
    public ProductService(ProductRepository repository) {
        this.repository = repository;
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/products")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return repository.findAll();
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/products/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Product> getProductById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return repository.findById(id)
            .mapok
            .orElse(ResponseEntity.notFound().build());
    }
    
    @PostMapping("/products")
    public ResponseEntity<Product> createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
        Product saved = repository.save(product);
        URI location = ServletUriComponentsBuilder
            .fromCurrentRequest()
            .path("/{id}")
            .buildAndExpand(saved.getId())
            .toUri();
        return ResponseEntity.created(location).body(saved);
    }
}

Challenges and Solutions

• Service Discovery: Service registry (Consul, Eureka)
• Configuration Management: Config servers, environment variables
• Resilience: Circuit breakers, bulkheads, timeouts
• Monitoring: Distributed tracing, centralized logging
• Testing: Consumer-driven contracts, component testing
• Deployment: CI/CD pipelines, containerization
• Data Consistency: Saga pattern, eventual consistency

Migration Strategies

• Strangler Pattern: Gradually replace components
• Branch by Abstraction: Create abstraction layer first
• Sidecar Pattern: Add capabilities without changing service
• Domain-Driven Design: Model services around business domains
• Micro Frontends: Apply microservices principles to frontend

Additional Connections

• Broader Context: Distributed Systems, Software Architecture Patterns
• Applications: Cloud-Native Applications, Enterprise Application Integration
• See Also: Container Orchestration, API Gateway Pattern, Event-Driven Architecture

References

1. "Building Microservices" by Sam Newman
2. "Microservices Patterns" by Chris Richardson
3. Martin Fowler's microservices article: https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html

#microservices #architecture #distributed-systems #cloud-native #software-design

Connections:

Sources:

• From: Worklog n8n